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Epigraphy and linguistics

Classics at Durham is internationally known for its strength in ancient epigraphy, with expertise spanning from the Roman West to the Near East, and from Mycenaean Greece to Late Antiquity. Many of us use ancient texts on stone, metal, ceramic and other materials to answer historical and linguistic questions, using both traditional and digital methods. Our department includes two members of the editorial committee of Attic Inscriptions Online (Christopher de Lisle and Polly Low); Dr de Lisle is also working on a new edition of  Inscriptiones Graecae II/III3 and a corpus of the Roman-period inscriptions from Isthmia, and Prof. Low has co-edited a series of volumes on the Greek inscriptions found in UK collections. Dr Anna Judson is a world-renowned expert in Mycenaean epigraphy, Linear B, and the writing of the Aegean Bronze Age.  Dr Caroline Barron's work spans from the study of Latin epigraphy in the Roman imperial period, including her work on with the Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania project, to the later collecting of these inscriptions by western Europeans on the Grand Tour. As an expert in the languages of pre-Roman Italy, Dr Katherine McDonald's research covers the epigraphy and linguistics of languages such as Oscan, Etruscan and Venetic, and also the language of enslaved people in Roman Italy.
Our research centre, CLAWS (The Centre for Languages and Writing Systems), was founded in 2022 to highlight the wealth of linguistic and epigraphic knowledge in our department, and to foster research on Indo-European linguistics, languages and culture, alongside prehistoric and historical non-alphabetic scripts. We are also able to provide funding for our members to attend language training in ancient languages and epigraphy, particularly where this would support their research or take their work in a new direction. Dr Nathan Gilbert (Pāli and Sanskrit), Dr George Gazis (Greek, including Linear B), Dr Katherine McDonald (Oscan, Etruscan, Venetic and early Latin), Dr Anna Judson (Linear B), Prof. Alberto Rigolio (Syriac) and Prof. Ted Kaizer (Syriac and Palmyrene) all welcome discussions with PhD students and post-docs interested in making connections with this vibrant research centre.

 

Attic Inscriptions in UK Collections

This AHRC-funded project (a collaboration between Durham, Cardiff, and Manchester Universities) aims to locate, edit and publish all 250 inscriptions from ancient Athens and Attica which are now in the UK. The inscriptions are scattered across museums and private collections throughout the UK; most have not been studied for over 100 years. We are producing new texts of each inscription, together with translations and scholarly commentaries.
Browse the results of this project in the AIUK papers
chatsworth

Co-PI: Prof. Polly Low

The inscriptions are also being made freely available on the website Attic Inscriptions Online, with notes aimed at school and university students and museum visitors.

Attic Inscriptions Online

Inscriptions on stone are the most important documentary source for the history of the ancient city of Athens and its surrounding region, Attica. The Attic Inscriptions Online (AIO) website comprises annotated English translations of Attic inscriptions. AIO's policy is to include our own Greek text of an inscription where no up-to-date text is available online elsewhere in open access.
Browse the AIO website
AIO logo

Chief editor: Dr Christopher de Lisle

You can browse the resource by date, by findspot, by original location, by present location, by inscription type, by monument type, and by publication date on AIO. You can also carry out a word search or an advanced search.

Connectivity and competition

This AHRC-funded project seeks to understand the nature of language contact and multilingualism in Italy, taking a comparative approach to language use in multiple regions at both urban and non-urban sites, c. 800 BC to c. 200 BC. It explores the implications of the linguistic evidence for our historical understanding of migration, mobility and connectivity in Italy and the ancient Mediterranean, investigates how written language was used as a mode of interaction within and between communities.
Multilingualism in Ancient Italy 800-200 BC
italy before rome

PI: Dr Katherine McDonald

A sourcebook, Italy Before Rome, was published in 2021.

The Linguistics of Roman Slavery

How did Roman slaves experience bilingualism? Slaves and freedmen were the largest group of migrants in Roman Italy: an estimated two to four million slaves were brought into Italy in the last two centuries BCE. But their status as second-language speakers of Latin remains overlooked: scholarship often assumes that most could speak Greek, and that this made their integration into Roman life straightforward.
Research funded by Philip Leverhulme Prize 2024
linguistics of slavery

PI: Dr Katherine McDonald

But both aspects of this assumption are highly problematic, since many slaves did not come from Greek-speaking areas, and were not native speakers of Greek or Latin. Even if they could communicate to some level, their forced removal from their language communities, and the expectation that they learn the language of their masters, cannot be ignored as central features of their experience of slavery.

 

Roman Statutes

Roman Statutes: renewing Roman Law will produce the first comprehensive, accurate, scholarly, and freely-available edition of all surviving inscribed legislation from classical Rome. The corpus of Roman laws has been continually enriched through new archaeological work, and new editions have been made as the corpus has expanded. The last decades have witnessed a remarkable sequence of discoveries. The current project is based at the University of Chicago and directed by Professor Clifford Ando.
Learn more about Roman Statutes from the University of Chicago website
roman statutes

Research collaborator: Dr Caroline Barron

Mobilizing the resources of the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents at Oxford University, we plan to produce a new print edition and an online open-access repository of this important historic material, with introductions, translation, and commentary designed to appeal to students and experts alike. It will amount to a revolution in the fields of Roman history and Roman law, and all areas of endeavour wherein these matter.

Comparing Cyprus and Sicily

The project is a work of collaborative comparative history, focussed on Sicily and Cyprus, ca. 700 BC-300 AD, undertaken with Dr Beatrice Pestarino (Liverpool). Cyprus and Sicily are comparable in size, geography, and climate. Both were characterised by city-states; unusually enduring traditions of autocracy; complex combinations of Greek, Phoenician, and other cultures; and thriving commercial economies dominated by particular resources.
Co-PI: Dr Beatrice Pestarino
sicily

Co-PI: Dr Christopher de Lisle

The project seeks to bring the islands and their scholars together to identify and explain similarities and differences between the islands’ experiences, through collaborative studies co-authored by Sicilian and Cypriot experts. In the long term, this project aims to contribute to current discussions of insularity in the humanities, which focus mainly on small islands, principally the Cyclades and Melanesia/Polynesia.

Staff working in this research area

Learn more about our colleagues who work in the area of Epigraphy and Linguistics.

Dr Caroline Barron

Assistant Professor (Roman History and Epigraphy)
Carolin Barron

Dr Christopher de Lisle

Assistant Professor (Greek History and Epigraphy)
Chris de Lisle

Dr Andrea Giannotti

Teaching Fellow
Andrea Giannotti

Dr Anna Judson

Assistant Professor (Epigraphy and Linguistics)
Anna Judson

Prof. Ted Kaizer

Professor (Roman Culture and History)
Ted Kaizer

Prof. Polly Low

Professor (Greek History and Epigraphy)
Polly Low

Dr Katherine McDonald

Associate Professor (Roman History and Linguistics)
Katherine McDonald

Prof. Alberto Rigolio

Professor (Roman History)
Alberto Rigolio

Dr Edmund Thomas

Associate Professor (Roman Visual and Material Culture)
Edmund Thomas

Transformative Classics

Classics at Durham explores the myriad cultures and contexts of the ancient Mediterranean world, from ancient Greek philosophy to Latin linguistics. We engage in collaborations across the humanities, sciences, and social sciences to develop innovative research methods and techniques.

 

Transformative Humanities

Transformative Humanities

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  • Publications

    Read the latest books written and edited by colleagues in our department.

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  • Meet our staff

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    Members of staff from Department of Classics and Ancient History

Publications

Read the latest books written and edited by colleagues in our department.

A pile of open books

Meet our staff

Learn more about the work and research specialisms of our colleagues.

Members of staff from Department of Classics and Ancient History

Postdoctoral research funding

Find out about fellowship and scholarship opportunities to undertake research at Durham.

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Students presenting in Classics and Ancient History