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Professor Andrew Gallant, BSc PhD MIET MIEEE FHEA

ORCID profile

Professor in the Department of Engineering

Telephone: +44 (0) 191 33 42525

Room number: E496 (Christopherson)

Director of the GJ Russell Facility

Fellow of the Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing

(email at a.j.gallant@durham.ac.uk)

Biography

Andrew Gallant is a Professor in Electronic Engineering at Durham University.

He graduated with a first class honours degree in Applied Physics with Electronic Engineering from Durham University in 2000. As an undergraduate, Andrew was sponsored by Fujitsu Microelectronics and worked in their Newton Aycliffe DRAM fab.

He stayed in Durham to develop widely tunable micromachined capacitors and received his PhD in 2004 (EPSRC CASE award with Filtronic Compound Semiconductors). Professor Gallant worked as a Research Associate in the Microsystems Technology Group at Durham until July 2008 when he was appointed as a Lecturer; and was promoted to Senior Lecturer (now Associate Professor) in 2014 and to a full Professor in 2020.

Research

His group’s core research activities are focused on the use of micromachining to create new components for the manipulation of terahertz light. He has over twenty years of experience in cleanroom-based fabrication techniques, and has published > 60 refereed journal and conference papers in the areas of micro- and nanofabrication with many addressing applications, devices and testing relevant to the RF and THz regions.

Professor Gallant has significant experience of running international collaborative grants, having been overall Scientific Coordinator of the €3.8M EU Initial Training Network (Notedev www.notedev.eu) which focused on the development of THz devices. He is also a Co-I on the €4M H2020 ITN INDEED (www.indeednetwork.com). He has held EPSRC grants as PI and Co-I; as well has having received funding from the Royal Society for international travel exchanges.

Teaching

L1 Digital Systems, L2 Digital Electronics and Embedded Systems, L3 Digital Electronics, L3 Design, MEng/BEng/MSc projects

Research Groups

Department of Engineering

Next Generation Materials and Microsystems

Research Interests

Micro- and nanoengineering
Sensors and actuators
Terahertz devices and systems

Selected Publications

Chapter in book

Baragwanath, A.J., Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2012). Terahertz Plasmonic Structures. In Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging. 171: 539.

Conference Paper

Raimundo, X., Hajji, M., Klein, A., Salous, S., Gallant, A. & Balocco, C. (2018), Channel Characterisation at THz Frequencies for High Data Rate Indoor Communications, 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018). IEEE, 519 (2 pp.).
Vanessa Fenlon, Rhiannon Lees, Polina S Stefanova, Andreas K Klein, Andrew J Gallant & Claudio Balocco (2018), Evolutionary Optimisation of THz components, 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). Nagoya, Japan, IEEE.
Klein, Andreas K., Stefanova, Polina S., Gallant, Andrew & Balocco, Claudio (2018), Material Characterization with Frequency Domain THz Ellipsometry, 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2.
Klein, Andreas K., Hammler, Jonathan M., Balocco, Claudio & Gallant, Andrew (2018), Ultra-Low-Cost THz Wave Plates Based on High-Contrast Gratings, 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 1.
Klein, Andreas K., Hammler, Jonathan M. Zeze, Dagou, Balocco, Claudio & Gallant, Andrew J. (2016), Photonic-Crystal Based Enhancement Of Terahertz Spectroscopy In Microfluidic Cells, IEEE Conference Proceedings 2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). Copenhagen, Denmark, IEEE.
Polina S Stefanova, Jonathan M Hammler, Andreas K Klein, Andrew J Gallant & Claudio Balocco (2016), Polymer-based micro-golay cells for THz detection, 2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). Copenhagen, Denmark, IEEE.
A.K. Klein, D. Zeze, C. Balocco & A.J. Gallant (2016), Quality factor comparison of terahertz cavities formed by photonic crystal slabs, Nanostructures for Photonics, NSP 2016. St Petersburg, Russia.
Klein, Andreas K., Zeze, Dagou, Balocco, Claudio & Gallant, Andrew (2016), Switchable Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Slow Light Structures, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO).
Hammler, J., Pan, Y., Gallant, A.J. & Balocco, C. (2015), 3D polymer structures with variable permittivity at terahertz frequencies, IEEE Conference Proceedings 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). Hong Kong, China, IEEE, Hong Kong, 1-2.
Hill, C.K.A., Klein, A.K., Balocco, C., Wood, D. & Gallant, A.J. (2015), Effect of Wood’s Anomalies on the THz Transmission Spectra of Free- Standing Metallic Hole Arrays, 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). Hong Kong, China, IEEE, 1.
Hammler, J., Gallant, A. J. & Balocco, C. (2015), Free-space material characterisation at terahertz frequencies using a vector network analyser, URSI AT-RASC 2015. Gran Canaria, Spain, IEEE, Gran Canaria.
Klein, Andreas, Pan, Yi, Balocco, Claudio, Zeze, Dagou & Gallant, Andrew (2015), Micro fabricated spoof surface plasmon polariton structures for THz applications, 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). 1.
Hammler, J., Gallant, A.J. & Balocco, C. (2015), Simple de-embedding and simulation technique to find permittivity with a THz vector network analyser, IEEE Conference Proceedings 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). Hong Kong, China, IEEE, Hong Kong, 1-2.
Chandramohan, Abhishek, Cooke, Michael, Mendis, Budhika, Petty, Michael, Gallant, Andrew & Zeze, Dagou (2014), Low cost composite stamp for nanoimprint lithography, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Conference: ESOF. Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen.
Dodd, L. E., Gallant, A. J. & Wood, D. (2012), Ti-TiOx-Pt Metal-Oxide-Metal Diodes Fabricated via a Simple Oxidation Technique, MRS Online Proceedings Library 1415: MRS. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Baragwanath, A.J., Rosamond, M., Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2011), A hybrid aperture-corrugation plasmonic device demonstrating super extraordinary transmission at terahertz frequencies, 2011 International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. 1.
Dodd, L.E., Gallant, A.J. & Wood, D. (2011), Optimizing MOM diode performance via the oxidation technique, 2011 IEEE Sensors. Limerick, Ireland, IEEE, Limerick, 176-179.
Alba-Martin, M., Firmager, T., Atherton, J.J., Rosamond, M.C., Gallant, A.J., Petty, M.C., Al Ghaferi, A. Ayesh, A., Ashall, A., Mabrook, M.F. & Zeze, D.A. (2011), Single-Walled Nanotube MIS Memory Devices, 2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology. 991.
Baragwanath, A.J., Rosamond, M., Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2011), Time-of-flight model for the extraordinary optical transmission through 2-dimensional aperture arrays, 2011 International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. 1.
Rosamond, M.C., Gallant, A.J., Atherton, J.J., Petty, M.C., Kolosov, O. & Zeze, D.A. (2011), Transparent gold nanowire electrodes, 2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology. 604.
Swift, G.P., Kaliteevskaya, N., Dai, D., Kaliteevski, M., Baragwanath, A.J., Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2010), Negatively refracting plasmonic devices at THz frequencies, 2010 35th International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2010). Rome, IEEE, Piscataway, 1 -2.
Baragwanath, A.J., Freeman, J.R., Gallant, A.J., Zeitler, J.A., Beere, H.E., Ritchie, D.A. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2010), Plasmonic apertures for THz QCL near-field imaging, 2010 35th International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2010). Rome, IEEE, Piscataway, 1 -2.
Baragwanath, A.J., Swift, G.P., Dai, D., Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2010), Silicon based Microfluidic Device for Terahertz Frequencies, 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. 1.
Swift, G.P., Kaliteevskaya, N., Johnson, K.L., Chamberlain, J.M. & Gallant, A.J. (2010), Terahertz spectroscopy of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, 2010 35th International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2010). Rome, IEEE, Piscataway, 1 -2.
Solano, B. P., Gallant, A. J. & Wood, D. (2009), Design and Optimisation of a Microgripper: Demonstration of Biomedical Applications Using the Manipulation of Oocytes, in Bourouina, T., Courtois, B., Ghodssi, R., Soma, A., Yang, H. & Karam, J.M. eds, DTIP 2009: Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS. Rome, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 61-65.
Solano, B., Gallant, A. J., Greggains, G. D., Wood, D. & Herbert, M. (2009), Low voltage microgripper for single cell manipulation, in Vincenzini, P. & DeRossi, D. eds, Advances in Science and Technology 57: 3rd International Conference on Smart Materials, Structures and Systems. Acireale, Italy, Trans Tech Publications, Stafa-Zuerich, 67-72.
Gallant, Andrew, Baragwanath, Adam, Swift, Peter, Wood, David & Chamberlain, Martyn (2008), Micromachined Terahertz Waveguides with Embedded Metal Rods, Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, California Institute of Technology, September 2008 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. Pasadena, CA, IEEE, 104-105.
Swift, G. Peter, Gallant, Andrew J., Dai, DeChang, Kaliteevski, Mikhail A., Brand, Stuart, Zeze, Dagou A., Wood, David, Petty, Michael C., Abram, Richard A. & Chamberlain, J. Martyn (2008), Negative refracting materials at THz frequencies, 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. Pasadena, CA, IEEE, Piscataway, 496-497.
Gallant, A.J., Levitt, J.A., Kaliteevski, M., Wood, D., Petty, M.C., Abram, R.A., Brand, S., Swift, G.P., Zeze,D.A. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2007), Artificial plasmonic materials for THz applications, in Linden, K.J. & Sadwick, L.P. eds, Proceedings of SPIE 6472: Terahertz and Gigahertz Electronics and Photonics VI. San Jose, CA, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 647206.
Gallant, A.J., Zeze, D.A., Wood, D., Petty, M.C., Dai, D. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2007), Flexible polymer based artificial materials for terahertz applications, Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2007 and the 2007 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics. IRMMW-THz. Cardiff, Wales, IEEE, 961-963.
Levitt, J.A., Gallant, A.J., Swift, G.P., Dai, D.C. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2007), Terahertz micro-spectroscopy using a transient mirror technique, 6472: SPIE, 64720O.

Conference Proceeding

Gallant, A.J., Swift, G.P, Dai, D., Kaliteevski, M.A., Zeze, D.A., Wood, D., Petty, M.C., Brand, S. , Abram, R.A. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2007). Micromachining for Terahertz Artificial Materials. Materials Research Society Spring Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Chiang, C.J., Rothe, C., Rosamond, M.C., Gallant, A.J., Ferain, E., Legras, R., Wood, D. & Monkman, A. (2007). Organic light-emitting diodes incorporating supported nanotemplates. Proc. SPIE 6593.
Gallant, A.J., Wood, D., Levitt, J.A., Kaliteevski, M., Petty, M.C., Brand, S., Abram, R.A. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2006). The Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio THz Metamaterials. Seminar on Metamaterials for Microwave and (Sub) Millimetrewave Applications: Electromagnetic Bandgap and Double Negative Design, Structures, Devices and Experimental Validation, 2006. The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London.

Doctoral Thesis

Gallant, A.J. (2004). The simulation, fabrication and testing of widely tunable micromachined capacitors. Durham University. PhD.

Journal Article

Lees, Rhiannon, Cooke, Michael, Balocco, Claudio & Gallant, Andrew (2019). Computer Aided Patterning Design for Self-Assembled Microsphere Lithography (SA-MSL). Scientific Reports 9: 12849.
Galan-Gonzalez, Alejandro, Gallant, Andrew, Zeze, Dagou A & Atkinson, Del (2019). Controlling the growth of single crystal ZnO nanowires by tuning the atomic layer deposition parameters of the ZnO seed layer. Nanotechnology 30(30): 305602.
Jin, Jidong, Wang, Lei, Zheng, Zhaoliang, Zhang, Jiawei, Hu, Xuzhi, Lu, Jian R., Etor, David, Pearson, Chris, Song, Aimin, Wood, David, Gallant, Andrew J. & Balocco, Claudio (2019). Metal-insulator-metal diodes based on alkyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayers. AIP Advances 9(6): 065017.
Klein, Andreas K., Basden, Alastair, Hammler, Jonathan, Tyas, Luke, Cooke, Michael, Balocco, Claudio, Zeze, Dagou, Girkin, John M. & Gallant, Andrew (2019). Scattering of spoof surface plasmon polaritons in defect-rich THz waveguides. Scientific Reports 9(1): 6288.
Swindells, C, Hindmarch, A. T. , Gallant, A. J. & Atkinson, D. (2019). Spin transport across the interface in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic systems. Physical Review B 99(6): 064406.
Klein, Andreas K. , Hammler, Jonathan, Balocco,Claudio & Gallant, Andrew J. (2018). Machinable ceramic for high performance and compact THz optical components. Optical Materials Express 8(7): 1968-1975.
Nazarenko, Maxim, Rosamond, Mark C., Gallant, Andrew J., Kolosov, Oleg V., Dubrovskii, Vladimir G. & Zeze, Dagou A. (2017). A simplified model to estimate thermal resistance between carbon nanotube and sample in scanning thermal microscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50(49): 494004.
Hajji, Maryam, Hammler, Jonathan, Zeze, Dagou, Balocco, Claudio & Gallant, Andrew J. (2017). Field imaging near to the surface of terahertz reflective optics using a vector network analyzer. Applied Optics 56(31): 8746-8750.
Chandramohan, A., Sibirev, N., Dubrovskii, V., Petty, M., Gallant, A. & Zeze, D. (2017). Model for large-area monolayer coverage of polystyrene nanospheres by spin coating. Scientific Reports 7: 40888.
Hammler, Jonathan, Gallant, Andrew J. & Balocco, Claudio (2016). Free-Space Permittivity Measurement at Terahertz Frequencies with a Vector Network Analyser. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 6(6): 817-823.
Ivanov, K.A., Petrov, A.G., Kaliteevski, M.A. & Gallant, A.J. (2015). Anharmonic Bloch Oscillation of Electrons in Biased Superlattices. JETP Letters 102(12): 796-802.
Trukhin, V.N., Buyskih, A.S., Bouravlev, A.D., Mustafa, I.A., Samsonenko, Yu. B., Trukhin, A.V., Cirlin, G.E., Kaliteevski, M.A., Zeze, D.A. & Gallant, A.J. (2015). Generation of terahertz radiation by AlGaAs nanowires. JETP Letters 102(5): 316-320.
Dodd, L.E., Shenton, S.A., Gallant, A.J. & Wood, D. (2015). Improving metal-oxide-metal (MOM) diode performance via the optimization of the oxide layer. Journal of Electronic Materials 44(5): 1361-1366.
Daunton, R., Wood, D., Gallant, A.J. & Kataky, R. (2014). A microgripper sensor device capable of detecting ion efflux from whole cells. RSC Advances 4(92): 50536-50541.
Williams, A.T., Farrar, P., Gallant, A.J., Atkinson, D. & Groves, C. (2014). Characterisation of Charge Conduction Networks in Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/Polystyrene Blends using Noise Spectroscopy. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2(9): 1742-1748.
Dodd, L.E., Rosamond, M.C., Gallant, A.J. & Wood, D. (2014). Development of Phase Shift Lithography for the Production of Metal-Oxide-Metal Diodes. Micro and Nano Letters, IET 9(7): 437-440.
Solano, B., Merrell, J., Gallant, A. J. & Wood, D. (2014). Modelling and Experimental Verification of Heat Dissipation Mechanisms in an SU-8 Electrothermal Microgripper. Microelectronic Engineering 124: 90-93.
Kaliteevski, M.A., Ivanov, K.A., Pozina, G. & Gallant, A.J. (2014). Single and double bosonic stimulation of THz emission in polaritonic systems. Scientific Reports 4: 5444.
Dodd, L.E., Gallant, A.J. & Wood, D. (2013). Controlled reactive ion etching and plasma regrowth of titanium oxides of known thickness for production of metal-oxide-metal diodes. IET Micro & Nano Letters 8(8): 476-478.
Wood, D., Chamberlain, M., Baragwanath, A., Dodd, L.E., Hill, C.K.A. & Gallant, A.J. (2013). Micromachined Devices for Use in Terahertz Applications. Advances in Science and Technology 81: 20-27.
Trukhin, V.N., Buyskikh, A.S., Kaliteevskaya, N.A., Bourauleuv, A.D., Samoilov, L.L., Samsonenko, Y.B., Cirlin, G.E., Kaliteevski, M.A. & Gallant, A.J. (2013). Terahertz generation by GaAs nanowires. Applied Physics Letters 103(7): 072108.
Farrar, P., Atkinson, D. & Gallant, A.J. (2012). Conductive AFM: Probing Nano-scale Electrical Properties of Model Cell Membranes. MRS Proceedings 1465.
Alba-Martin M, Firmager T, Atherton J, Rosamond MC, Ashall D, Ghaferi A Al, Ayesh A, Gallant AJ, Mabrook MF, Petty MC & Zeze DA (2012). Improved memory behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotube charge storage nodes. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 45(29): 295401.
Daunton, R, Gallant, A J & Wood, D (2012). Manipulation of exposure dose parameters to improve production of high aspect ratio structures using SU-8. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 22(7): 075016.
A. Sleiman, M.C. Rosamond, M. Alba Martin, A. Ayesh, A. Al Ghaferi, A.J. Gallant, M.F. Mabrook & D.A. Zeze (2012). Pentacene-based metal-insulator-semiconductor memory structures utilizing single walled carbon nanotubes as a nanofloating gate. Applied Physics Letters 100(2): 023302.
Daunton, R., Gallant, A.J., Wood, D. & Kataky, R. (2011). A thermally actuated microgripper as an electrochemical sensor with the ability to manipulate single cells. Chemical Communications 47(22): 6446-6448.
M.C. Rosamond, A.J. Gallant, M.C. Petty, O. Kolosov & D.A. Zeze (2011). A versatile nanopatterning technique based on controlled undercutting and liftoff. Advanced Materials 23(43): 5039-5044.
Baragwanath, A.J., Swift, G.P., DeChang, D., Zeze, D.A., Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2011). Micro-machined fluidic devices for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. physica status solidi (c) 8(9): 2935-2937.
Delcourt Lancon, A, Kataky, R, Wood, D & Gallant, A. J. (2011). Microelectrode arrays for electroanalytical sensing Comparison of electroplating and electron-beam metallisation. Electrochemistry communications 13(5): 414-417.
Swift, G.P., Gallant, A.J., Kaliteevskaya, N., Kaliteevski, M., Brand, S., Dai, D., Baragwanath, A.J., Iorsh, I., Abram, R.A. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2011). Negative refraction and the spectral filtering of terahertz radiation by a photonic crystal prism. Optics Letters 36(9): 1641-1643.
Baragwanath, A.J., Freeman, J.R., Gallant, A.J., Zeitler, J.A., Beere, H.E., Ritchie, D.A. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2011). Terahertz near-field imaging using subwavelength plasmonic apertures and a quantum cascade laser source. Optics Letters 36(13): 2393-2395.
Baragwanath, A.J., Rosamond, M.C. , Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2011). Time-of-Flight Model for the Extraordinary Transmission Through Periodic Arrays of Subwavelength Apertures at THz Frequencies. Plasmonics 6(4): 625-636.
Baragwanath, A.J., Swift, G.P., Dai, D., Gallant, A.J. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2010). Silicon based microfluidic cell for terahertz frequencies. Journal of Applied Physics 108(1): 013102.
Rosamond, M. C., Gallant, A. J. & Wood, D. (2009). A robust, fine pitch probe card. Procedia Chemistry 1(1): 792-795.
King, M G, Baragwanath, A J, Rosamond, M C, Wood, D & Gallant, A J (2009). Porous PDMS force sensitive resistors. Procedia Chemistry 1(1): 568-571.
Zinov’ev, N.N., Adrianov, A.V., Gallant, A.J., Chamberlain, J.M. & Trukhin, V.N. (2008). Contrast and resolution enhancement in a confocal terahertz video system. JETP Letters 88(8): 492-495.
Kaliteevski, A, Brand, S, Abram, RA, Gallant, AJ & Chamberlain, JM (2008). Negative refraction can make non-diffracting beams. Optics Express 16(19): 14582-14587.
Gallant, A.J., Kaliteevski, M.A., Wood, D., Petty, M.C., Abram, R.A., Brand, S., Swift, G.P., Zeze, D.A. & Chamberlain, J.M. (2007). Passband filters for terahertz radiation based on dual metallic photonic structures. Applied Physics Letters 91(16): 161115.
Gallant, A. J., Kaliteevski, M. A., Brand, S., Wood, D., Petty, M., Abram, R. A. & Chamberlain, J. M. (2007). Terahertz Frequency Bandpass Filters. Journal of Applied Physics 102(2): 023102.
Gallant, A.J. & Wood, D. (2005). Surface micromachined membranes for wafer level packaging. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 15(7): S47-S52.
Gallant, AJ & Wood, D (2004). Sacrificial layers for widely tunable capacitors. Iee Proceedings-science Measurement And Technology 151(2): 104-109.
Gallant, A. J. & Wood, D. (2004). The role of fabrication techniques on the performance of widely tunable micromachined capacitors. Sensors and actuators A physical 110(1-3): 423-431.
Gallant, AJ & Wood, D (2003). The modelling and fabrication of widely tunable capacitors. Journal Of Micromechanics And Microengineering 13(4): S178-S182.
Gallant, A.J. & Wood, D. (2002). Nickel electroplated widely tunable capacitor. Electronic Letters 38(22): 1392-1393.

Presentation

Gallant, A.J. (2008), Can micromachining help us to fill the THz gap? (Invited talk), 9th International Symposium on RF MEMS and RF Microsystems, MEMSWAVE. Crete, Crete.

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