What is Z'?


Please see below for a list of references concerning Z'.

Reviews

  1. Should solid-state molecular packing have to obey the rules of crystallographic symmetry?
    J. W. Steed
    CrystEngComm, 2003, 169.

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General Z' references

  1. Pseudosymmetry as viewed using charge density analysis
    Y. V. Nelyubina, M. Y. Antipin, I. A. Cherepanov, and K. A. Lyssenko
    CrystEngComm, 2010, 12, 77

  2. Multiple molecules in the asymmetric unit (Z' > 1) and the formation of false conglomerate crystal structures
    R. Bishop and M. Scudder
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2009, 9, 2890

  3. Automated derivation of structural class symbols and extended Z' descriptors for molecular crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database
    A. D. Bond
    CrystEngComm, 2008, 411

  4. Structure and energy in organic crystals with two molecules in the asymmetric unit: causality or chance?
    A. Gavezzotti
    CrystEngComm, 2008, 389

  5. Supramolecular Synthon Frustration Leads to Crystal Structures with Z' > 1
    K. M. Anderson, A. E. Goeta and J. W. Steed
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2008, 8, 2517

  6. Polymorphic Perversity: Crystal Structures with Many Symmetry-Independent Molecules in the Unit Cell
    J. Bernstein, J. D. Dunitz and A. Gavezzotti
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2008, 8, 2011

  7. A response to: On the presence of multiple molecules in the crystal asymmetric unit (Z' > 1)
    K. M. Anderson and J. W. Steed
    CrystEngComm, 2007, 328 - Most accessed article April 2007

  8. On the presence of multiple molecules in the crystal asymmetric unit (Z' > 1)
    G. R. Desiraju
    CrystEngComm, 2007, 91.

  9. Distribution of molecular pairs in Z' = 2 structures
    A. Collins
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2006, B62, 897

  10. Spatial arrangement of molecules in homomolecular Z' = 2 structures
    E. Pidcock
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2006, B62, 268.

  11. A database survey of molecular and crystallographic symmetry
    E. Pidcock, W. D. S. Motherwell, and J. C. Cole
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2003, B59, 634.

  12. Frequency of Z' values in organic and organometallic crystal structures
    T. Steiner
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2000, 56, 673.

  13. Two-dimensional packing and pseudosymmetry
    D. Britton
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B., 2000, 56, 828.

  14. Investigations of the systematics of crystal packing using the Cambridge Structural Database
    C. P. Brock
    J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 1996, 101, 321

  15. Symmetry, pseudosymmetry and hypersymmetry of organic crystals
    P. M. Zorky
    J. Mol. Struct., 1996, 374, 9.

  16. Towards a Grammar of Crystal Packing
    C. P. Brock and J. D. Dunitz
    Chem. Mater., 1994, 6, 1118

  17. Space groups rare for organic structures III. Symmorphism and inherent molecular symmetry
    A. J. C. Wilson
    Acta Cryst., Sect. A, 1993, 49, 795

  18. Pseudoinversion Centers in Space Group P1 and a Redetermination of the Crystal-Structure of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic Acid - a Study of Non-Crystallographic Symmetry
    G. R. Desiraju, J. C. Calabrese, and R. L. Harlow
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B., 1991, 47, 77.

  19. Space-group frequencies of proteins and of organic compounds with more than one formula unit in the asymmetric unit
    N. Padmaja, S. Ramakumar, and M. A. Viswamitra
    Acta Cryst., Sect. A, 1990, 46, 730.

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Specific Compounds/Groups of Compounds

  1. L-2-aminobutyric acid: a remarkable, fully ordered structure with Z' = 4
    C. H. Gorbitz
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2010, B66, 253.

  2. Polysulfonylamines, CLXXXVII. Structural Diversity in (Acetonitrile)silver(I) Di(arenesulfonyl)amides: Two Molecular Z'=1 Crystals, an Ionic Z' = 2 Crystal, and Two Molecular Polymorphs Based upon C-Br···O=S Halogen Bonds and Featuring Z' = 1 or Z' = 2 in the Same Space Group
    C. Wolper, A. Rodriguez-Gimeno, K. C. Iborra, H. Kuhn, A. K. Luttig, S. Moll, C. Most, M. Freytag, I. Dix, P. G. Jones, and A. Blaschette
    Z.Naturforsch.(B), 2009, 64, 952.

  3. Two polymorphs of 9-[(E)-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethenyl]-9H-carbazole, both with Z' = 4
    M. Kubicki, W. Prukala, and B. Marciniec
    Z. Kristall., 2009, 224, 412.

  4. A reversible solid-solid phase transition Z' = 1 to Z' = 6 in [Ni(OAc)(PNPtBu)]OTf
    M. Lutz, J. I. van der Vlugt, D. Vogt, A. L. Spek
    Polyhedron, 2009, 28, 2341

  5. A solution to the observed Z' = 2 preference in the crystal structures of hydrophobic amino acids
    C. H. Gorbitz, K. Vestli, R. Orlando
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2009, B65, 393.

  6. Structure-solid state CPMAS 13C NMR correlation in palladacycle solvates (pseudo-polymorphs) with a transformation from Z' = 1 to Z' = 2
    J. Ruiz, V. Rodriguez, N. Cutillas, A. Hoffmann, A-C. Chamayou, K. Kazmierczak and C. Janiak
    CrystEngComm, 2008, 10, 1928

  7. Classical and weak hydrogen bonding interactions between 4,4'-bipyridine and organic acids: From co-crystal to organic complex
    G. S. Nichol and W. Clegg
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2009, 8, 1844

  8. Polymorphism and symmetry non-equivalence in (3-carboxymethoxy-napthalen-2-yloxy) acetic acid
    A. Karmakar and J. B. Baruah
    J. Mol. Struct., 2008, 888, 197

  9. Polymorphism and Phase Behaviors of 2-(Phenylamino)nicotinic Acid
    S. H. Long, S. Parkin, M. A. Siegler, A. Cammers, and T. L. Li
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2008, 8, 4006.

  10. Polymorphism of an organic system effected by the directionality of hydrogen-bonding chains
    S. H. Long, S. Parkin, M. Siegler, C. P. Brock, A. Cammers, and T. L. Li
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2008, 8, 3137.

  11. Solvent induced symmetry non-equivalence in the crystal lattice of 7-carboxymethyl-1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[lmn][3,8]phenathrolin-2-yl) acetic acid
    J. B. Baruah, A. Karmakar and N. Barooah
    CrystEngComm, 2008, 10, 151

  12. Conformational richness and multiple Z' in salt co-crystal of N-methylpiperidine betaine with N-methylpiperidine betaine hexafluorosilicate
    R. Thaimattam, M. Szafran, Z. Dega-Szafran and M. Jaskolski
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2008, B64, 483.

  13. 1-(2'-Aminophenyl)- and 1-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole: Crystallizing with two molecules in the asymmetric unit
    M. Kubicki and P. Wagner
    J. Mol. Struct., 2008, 876, 134

  14. Serendipity and four polymorphic structures of benzidine, C12H12N2
    J. Bernstein and M. Rafilovich
    J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 12185

  15. Polymorphs of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane and multiple Z ' crystal structures by melt and sublimation crystallization
    B. Sarma, S. Roy, A. Nangia,
    Chem. Commun., 2006, 4918

  16. When Z' = 2 is better than Z' = 1 - supramolecular centrosymmetric hydrogen bonded dimers in chiral systems
    K. M. Anderson, K. Afarinkia, H-W. Yu, A. E. Goeta and J. W. Steed
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2006, 6, 2109

  17. Multiple Z' in carboxylic acid-pyridine trimer synthon and Kagome lattice in the structure of 5-methylpyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
    N. J. Babu, A. Nangia
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2006, 6, 1995

  18. Helical or Polar Guest-Dependent Z' = 1.5 or Z' = 2 Forms of a Sterically Hindered Bis(urea) Clathrate
    A. M. Todd, K. M. Anderson, P. Byrne, A. E. Goeta and J. W. Steed
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2006, 6, 1750

  19. Crystal Engineering with Ethynylbenzenes 2: Structures of 4-Ethynyl-N,N-dimethylaniline with Z' = 12, and 4-Trimethylsilyethynyl-N,N-dimethylaniline
    A. S. Batsanov, J. C. Collings, R. M. Ward, A. E. Goeta, L. Porres, J. W. Steed, A. Beeby, J. A. K. Howard, and T. B. Marder
    CrystEngComm, 2006, 622

  20. Modulated crystal structure (Z' = 2) of alpha-D-glucofuranose-1,2 : 3,5-bis(p-tolyl)boronate
    S. K. Chandran, A. Nangia
    CrystEngComm, 2006, 581

  21. S,S-1,2-Dicyclohexylethane-1,2-diol and its racemic compound: a striking exception to Wallach's rule
    B. O. Patrick and C. P. Brock
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2006, B62, 488.

  22. Unusual variations in the incidence of Z' > 1 in oxo-anion structures
    K. M. Anderson, A. E. Goeta, K. S. B. Hancock and Jonathan W. Steed,
    Chem. Commun., 2006, 2138

  23. Synthon evolution and unit cell evolution during crystallisation. A study of symmetry-independent molecules (Z' > 1) in crystals of some hydroxy compounds
    D. Das, R. Banerjee, R. Mondal, J. A. K. Howard, R. Boese, and G. R. Desiraju
    Chem. Commun., 2006, 555.

  24. The Importance of Weak C-H···O Bonds and pi···pi Stacking Interactions in the Formation of Organic 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene Complexes with Z' > 1
    W. Clegg and G. S. Nichol
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2006, 6, 451.

  25. Crystal packing modes of two 1-CH2R-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles: Packing with Z' = 2
    M. Kubicki
    J. Mol. Struct., 2005, 743, 209.

  26. A helical structure with Z' = 10
    X. Hao, J. Chen, A. Cammers, S. Parkin, and C. P. Brock
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2005, 61, 218.

  27. [M(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2: A system rich in polymorphic and modulated phases
    X. Hao, M. A. Siegler, S. Parkin, and C. P. Brock
    Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 2225.

  28. Three modulation patterns in four related [M(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2 structures
    X. Hao, S. Parkin, and C. P. Brock
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2005, B61, 675.

  29. Challenges in direct-space structure determination from powder diffraction data: A molecular material with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit
    D. Albesa-Jove, B. M. Kariuki, S. J. Kitchin, L. Grice, E. Y. Cheung, and K. D. M. Harris
    ChemPhysChem, 2004, 5, 414.

  30. Packing conflicts in the Z' = 5 structure of CF3(CF2)3(CH2)10COOH
    H. J. Lehmler, S. Parkin, and C. P. Brock
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2004, B60, 325.

  31. Quinoline-2(1H)-thione, a structure with Z' = 8
    P. Kus and P. G. Jones
    Acta Cryst., Sect. C, 2004, 60, O865.

  32. Multiple molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Self host-guest and doubly interpenetrated hydrogen bond networks in a pair of keto-bisphenols
    S Aitipamula, G. R. Desiraju, M Jaskolski, A. Nangia, R. Thaimattam
    CrystEngComm, 2003, 447.

  33. Hydrogen bonding in enantiomeric versus racemic mono-carboxylic acids; a case study of 2-phenoxy propionic acid
    H. O. Sorensen and S. Larsen
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2003, B59, 132.

  34. The role of-molecular association in the formation of crystals with Z' > 1 of some hydroxy-containing compounds
    L. N. Kuleshova, M. Y. Antipin, and I. V. Komkov
    J. Mol. Struct., 2003, 647, 41.

  35. Weak Interactions Induce Asymmetry in the Crystal Structures of Triaryl Derivatives of Group 14 Elements
    P. D. Prince, G. S. McGrady, and J. W. Steed
    New J. Chem., 2002, 26, 457.

  36. Why do polymorphs form? A single crystal phase transformation from weak dipolar interactions to a sixfold phenyl embrace
    G. S. McGrady, M. Odlyha, P. D. Prince, and J. W. Steed
    CrystEngComm, 2002, 271.

  37. Z' = 4 structure without obvious pseudosymmetry: implications for the formation of solid-state compounds
    H. J. Lehmler, L. W. Robertson, S. Parkin, and C. P. Brock
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 2002, 58, 140.

  38. 4,4-diphenyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone: Four polymorphs and nineteen crystallographically independent molecular conformations
    V. S. S. Kumar, A. Addlagatta, A. Nangia, W. T. Robinson, C. K. Broder, R. Mondal, I. R. Evans, J. A. K. Howard, and F. H. Allen
    Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2002, 41, 3848.

  39. Intermolecular Interactions in (Arene)chromium Carbonyl Compounds: Prediction of Chiral Crystal Packing from Racemate Structure in Chromium Carbonyl Compounds
    S. E. Gibson (née Thomas), H. Ibrahim, and J. W. Steed
    J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 5109.

  40. Remarkable low symmetry hydrogen bonding network in the structure of ReCl2(NCMe)(NO)(PMe3)2
    H. Jacobsen, H. W. Schmalle, A. Messmer, and H. Berke
    Inorg. Chim. Acta., 2000, 306, 153.

  41. Molecular shape and crystal packing: a study of C12H12 isomers, real and imaginary
    J. D. Dunitz, G. Fillippini, and A. Gavezzotti
    Helv. Chim. Acta, 2000, 83, 2317.

  42. P1 or P-1 or something else?
    R. E. Marsh
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 1999, 55, 931.

  43. Anomalous Space Group Frequencies for Monoalcohols CmHnOH
    C. P. Brock and L. L. Duncan
    Chem. Mater., 1994, 6, 1307.

  44. Geometry of the Intermolecular X-H···Y (X, Y = N, O) Hydrogen Bond and the Calibration of Empirical Hydrogen-Bond Potentials
    A. Gavezzotti and G. Fillippini
    J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 4831


  45. Statistical analysis of similarity of molecules with Z' > 1
    V. Sona and W. Gautham
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 1992, 48, 111.

  46. Pseudosymmetry in cholesterol monohydrate
    B. M. Craven
    Acta Cryst., Sect. B, 1979, 35, 1123.

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Other

  1. Two-dimensional crystallization: Self-assembly, pseudopolymorphism, and symmetry-independent molecules
    K. E. Plass, K. Kim, and A. J. Matzger
    J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 9042.

  2. Structure predictions allowing more than one molecule in the asymmetric unit
    B. P. van Eijck and J. Kroon
    Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 2000, 56, 535

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Last updated June 02, 2006