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Department of Earth Sciences

Staff and Postgraduate Students

Prof Gillian Foulger - all publications

  • 1: Foulger, GR (2011). Plates vs Plumes: A Geological Controversy. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • 2: Foulger, GR (2012). Are 'hot spots' hot spots?. Journal of Geodynamics 58: 1-28.
  • 3: Julian, BR & Foulger, GR (2010). Time-dependent seismic tomography. Geophysical Journal International 182(3): 1327-1338.
  • 4: Julian, BR, Foulger, GR, Monastero, FC & Bjornstad, S (2010). Imaging Hydraulic Fractures in a Geothermal Reservoir. Geophysical Research Letters 37: L07305.
  • Foulger, G. R. & Jurdy, D. M. (2006). Plumes, Plates, and Planetary Processes. Geological Society of America Special Paper, in preparation.
  • Foulger, G.R., Natland, J. H., Presnall, D. C. & Anderson, D. L. (2005). Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms. Geological Society of America Special Paper.
  • Foulger, G.R., Fitton, J. G., Presnall, D. C. & Morgan, W. J. (2006). The Great Plume Debate The Origin and Impact of LIPs and Hot Spots, Scientific report. EOS Trans. AGU 87: 76 & 80.
  • Du, Z, Vinnik, L.P & Foulger, G.R. (2006). Evidence from P-to-S mantle converted waves for a flat “660-km” discontinuity beneath Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241(1-2): 271-280.
  • Vinnik, L.P, Foulger, G.R. & Du, Z (2005). Seismic boundaries in the mantle beneath Iceland: A new constraint on temperature. Geophys. J. Int 160: 533-538.
  • Foulger, G.R. & Anderson, D.L (2005). A cool model for the Iceland hotspot. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res 141(1-2): 1-22.
  • Foulger, G.R., Natland, J.H & Anderson, D.L (2005). A source for Icelandic magmas in remelted Iapetus crust. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 141(1-2): 23-44.
  • Foulger, G.R., Natland, J. H. & Anderson, D. L. (2005). Genesis of the Iceland melt anomaly by plate tectonic processes. in: Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms, G.R. Foulger, J.H. Natland, D.C. Presnall and D.L. Anderson (Eds.), Geol. Soc. Am. Special Paper 388: 595-625.
  • Foulger, G.R. (2005). Mantle plumes: Why the current skepticism?. Chinese Science Bulletin 50: 1555-1600.
  • Foulger, G. R. (2005). Old crust underlies Iceland. Geophys. J. Int., in press
  • Foulger, G.R & Julian, B.R (2004). A powerful tool: Use of time-dependent MEQ tomography for monitoring producing geothermal reservoirs. Geotherm. Res. Council Bull 33: 120-126.
  • Julian, B.R & Foulger, G.R (2004). Microearthquake Focal Mechanisms: A Tool for Monitoring Geothermal Systems. Geotherm. Res. Council Bull 33: 166-171.
  • Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R, Hill, D.P, Pitt, A.M, Malin, P & Shalev, E (2004). Non-double-couple microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California, provide evidence for hydraulic fracturing. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 132(1): 45-71.
  • Foulger, G.R, Natland, J.H. & Anderson, D.L. (2004). Penrose Conference Report. Plume IV: Beyond the Plume Hypothesis � Tests of the plume paradigm and alternatives. GSA Today 14: 26-28.
  • Du, Z & Foulger, G.R (2004). Surface-wave waveform inversion for variation in upper mantle structure beneath Iceland. Geophys. J. Int 157: 305-314.
  • Foulger, G.R, Du, Z.J & Julian, B.R (2003). Icelandic-type crust. Geophysical Journal International 155(2): 567-590.
  • Foulger, G.R (2003). In response. Astronomy & Geophysics 44: 1-13.
  • Foulger, G.R & Natland, J.H (2003). Is 'hotspot' volcanism a consequence of plate tectonics?. Science 300: 921.
  • Foulger, G.R (2003). Plumes, Plate Tectonics and Popper. Geoscientist 13: 6-17.
  • Gunasekera, R.C, Foulger, G.R & Julian, B.R (2003). Three-dimensional tomographic images of progressive pore-fluid depletion at The Geysers geothermal area, California. J. Geophys. Res 108, B3, 10.1029/2001JB000638.
  • Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R, Pitt, A.M. & Hill, D.P (2003). Tomographic crustal structure of Long Valley caldera, California, and evidence for the migration of CO2 between 1989 and 1997. J. Geophys. Res 108, B3, 10.1029/2000JB000041.
  • Du, Z, Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R, Allen, R.M, Nolet, G, Morgan, W.J, Bergsson, B, Erlendsson, P, Jakobsdottir, S, Ragnarsson, S, Stefansson, R & Vogfjord, K (2002). Crustal structure beneath western and eastern Iceland from surface waves and receiver functions. Geophys. J. Int 149: 349-363.
  • Allen, R.M, Nolet, G, Morgan, W.J, Vogfjord, K, Bergsson, B.H, Erlendsson, P, Foulger, G.R, Jakobsdottir, S, Julian, B.R, Pritchard, M.J, Ragnarsson, S & Stefansson, R (2002). Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques. J. Geophys. Res 107 (B12), 10.1029/2001JB000595.
  • Allen, R.M, Nolet, G, Morgan, W.J, Vogfjord, K, Nettles, M, Ekstrom, G, Bergsson, B.H, Erlendsson, P, Foulger, G.R, Jakobsdottir, S, Julian, B.R, Pritchard, M.J, Ragnarsson, S & Stefansson, R (2002). Plume driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland. J. Geophys. Res 107 (B8): 10.1029/2001JB000584.
  • Foulger, G.R (2002). Plumes, or plate tectonic processes?. Astronomy & Geophysics 43: 6.19-6.23.
  • Shen, Y, Solomon, S.C, Bjarnason, I.T, Nolet, G, Morgan, W.J, Allen, R, Vogfjord, K, Jakobsdottir, S, Stefansson, R, Julian, B.R & Foulger, G.R (2002). Seismic evidence for a tilted mantle plume and large-scale, north-south flow beneath Iceland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett 197: 261-272.
  • Foulger, G.R (2002). There is no plume under Iceland. The Observatory 122: 316-320.
  • Christiansen, R.L, Foulger, G.R & Evans, J.R (2002). Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone hotspot. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am 114: 1245-1256.
  • Du, Z & Foulger, G.R (2001). Variation in the crustal structure across central Iceland. Geophys. J. Int 145: 246-264.
  • Foulger G.R & Pearson D.G (2001). Is Iceland underlain by a plume in the lower mantle? Seismology and helium. Geophys. J. Int 145: F1-F5.
  • Foulger, G.R, Pritchard, M.J, Julian, B.R, Evans, J.E, Allen, R.M, Nolet, G, Morgan, W.J, Bergsson, B, Erlendsson, P, Jakobsdottir, S, Ragnarsson, S, Stefansson, R & Vogfjord, K (2001). Seismic tomography shows that upwelling beneath Iceland is confined to the upper mantle. Geophysical Journal International 146(2): 504-530.
  • Julian, B.R, Evans, J.R, Pritchard, M.J & Foulger, G.R (2000). A geometrical error in some versions of the ACH method of teleseismic tomography. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am 90: 1554-1558.
  • Foulger, G.R & Field, P.R (2000). Comparison of local earthquake tomographic crustal models with gravity data for the Hengill and Krafla areas. Jökull 29-47.
  • Du, Z, Foulger, G.R & Mao, W (2000). Noise reduction for broadband, three-component seismograms using data-adaptive polarization filter. Geophys. J. Int 141: 820-828.
  • Pritchard, M.J, Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R & Fyen, J (2000). Seismic-array constraints on a possible plume in the mid-mantle beneath Iceland. Geophys. J. Int 143: 119-128.
  • Foulger, G.R, Pritchard, M.J, Julian, B.R, Evans, J.R, Allen, R.M, Nolet, G, Morgan, W.J, Bergsson, B.H, Erlendsson, P, Jakobsdottir, S, Ragnarsson, S, Stefansson, R & Vogfjord, K (2000). The seismic anomaly beneath Iceland extends down to the mantle transition zone and no deeper. Geophys. J. Int 142: F1-F5.
  • Henderson, J.R, Barton, D.J & Foulger, G.R (1999). Fractal clustering of induced seismicity in the Geysers geothermal area, California. Geophys. Res. Lett 139: 317-324.
  • Barton, D.J, Foulger, G.R, Henderson, J.R & Julian, B.R (1999). Frequency-magnitude statistics and spatial correlation dimensions of earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California. Geophys. J. Int 138: 563-570.
  • Banerjee, P, Foulger, G.R, Prakash, S & Dabral, C.P (1999). Geoid undulation modelling and interpretation at Ladak, NW Himalaya using GPS and levelling data. J. Geodesy 73: 79-86.
  • Thatcher, W, Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R & Svarc, J (1999). Present day deformation across the Basin and Range. Science 283: 1714-1718.
  • Ross, A, Foulger, G.R & Julian, B.R (1999). Source processes of industrially-induced earthquakes at The Geysers geothermal area, California. Geophysics 64: 1877-1889.
  • Du, Z.J & Foulger, G.R (1999). The crustal structure beneath the Northwest Fjords, Iceland, from receiver functions and surface waves. Geophys. J. Int 139: 419-432.
  • Foulger, G.R (1999). The Iceland plume: Now you see it, now you don’t. The Observatory 119: 120-124.
  • Allen, R.M, Nolet, G, Morgan, W.J, Vogfjord, K, Bergsson, B.H, Erlendsson, P, Foulger, G.R, Jakobsdottir, S, Julian, B.R, Pritchard, M, Ragnarsson, S & Stefansson, R (1999). The thin, hot plume beneath Iceland. Geophys. J. Int 137: 51-63.
  • Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R, Hill, D.P, Sharer, G, Foulger, L.E, Perlroth, R, Dotson, N, Pitt, A.M & Brodsky, E (1998). A microearthquake survey of the Mammoth Mountain area, Long Valley caldera, California, summer 1997. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-236.
  • Julian, B.R, Miller, A.D & Foulger GR (1998). Non-double-couple earthquakes 1. Theory. Reviews of Geophysics 36: 525-549.
  • Miller, A.D, Foulger, G.R & Julian, B.R (1998). Non-double-couple earthquakes 2. Observations, Rev. Geophysics 36: 551-568.
  • Foulger, G.R & Hofton, M.A (1998). Regional vertical motion in Iceland 1987-1992, determined using GPS surveying. 146: 165-178.
  • Julian, B.R, Pitt, A.M & Foulger, G.R (1998). Seismic image of a CO2 reservoir beneath a seismically active volcano. Geophys. J. Int 133: 7-10.
  • Foulger, G.R, Malin, P.E, Shalev, E, Julian, B.R & Hill, D.P (1998). Seismic monitoring and activity increase in California caldera. EOS, Trans Amer. Geophys. Union 79: 357-363.
  • Miller, A.D, Julian, B.R & Foulger, G.R (1998). Three-dimensional structure and moment tensors of non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur volcanic complex, Iceland. Geophys. J. Int 133: 309-325.
  • Julian, B.R & Foulger, G.R (1997). Databases in the field: A dissenting view. IRIS newsletter 16: 11-14.
  • Foulger, G.R (1997). How tectonic plates move. The Observatory 118: 55-58.
  • Foulger GR, Ross, A, Julian, B.R. & Grant, C.C (1997). Industrially induced changes in Earth structure at The Geysers geothermal area, California. Geophysical Research Letters 24: 135-137.
  • Julian, B.R, Miller, A.D & Foulger, G.R (1997). Non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur geothermal area, southeast Iceland. Geophys. Res. Lett 24: 743-746.
  • Sigmundsson, F, Einarsson, P, Rognvaldsson, S.T, Foulger, G.R, Hodgkinson, K.M & Thorbergsson, G (1997). The 1994-1995 seismicity and deformation at the Hengill triple junction, Iceland: Triggering of earthquakes by minor magma injection in a zone of horizontal shear stress. J. Geophys. Res 102(15): 15151-15161.
  • Einarsson, P, Sigmundsson, F, Hofton, M.A, Foulger, G.R & Jacoby, W (1996). An experiment in glacio-isostacy near Vatnajökull, Iceland. Jokull 44: 29-39.
  • Hodgkinson, K.M & Foulger, G.R (1996). First epoch GPS survey of the Hengill triple junction, SW Iceland, and the effect of ocean loading. Jokull 44: 17-27.
  • Julian, B.R & Foulger, G.R (1996). Moment tensors from linear inversion of body-wave amplitude ratios: Powerful constraints on earthquake mechanisms. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am 86: 972-980.
  • Ross, A., Foulger, G.R & Julian, B.R (1996). Non-double couple earthquake mechanisms at The Geysers geothermal area, California. Geophys. Res. Lett 23: 877-880.
  • Foulger GR & Hofton, M.A. (1996). Post-rifting anelastic deformation around the spreading plate boundary, north Iceland, 1: Modeling of the 1987-1992 deformation field using a viscoelastic Earth structure. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: 25403 - 25421.
  • Hofton, M.A & Foulger, G.R (1996). Post-rifting anelastic deformation around the spreading plate boundary, north Iceland, 2: Implications of the model derived from the 1987-1992 deformation field. J. Geophys. Res 101: 25423-25436.
  • Evans, J.R, Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R & Miller, A.D (1996). Shear-wave splitting from local earthquakes in the Hengill triple junction region, southwest Iceland. Geophys. Res. Lett 23: 455-458.
  • Julian, B.R, Ross, A, Foulger, G.R & Evans, J.R (1996). Three-dimensional image of a geothermal reservoir: The Geysers, California. Geophys. Res. Lett 23: 685-688.
  • Camitz, J, Sigmundsson, F, Foulger, G.R, Jahn, C.-H, Voelksen, C & Einarsson, P (1995). Plate boundary deformation and continuing deflation of the Askja volcano, North Iceland, determined with GPS, 1987-1993. Bull. Volcanol 57: 136-145.
  • Evans, J.R, Julian, B.R, Foulger, G.R & Ross, A (1995). Shear-wave splitting and wave-speed anisotropy of local earthquakes at The Geysers geothermal field, California. Geophys. Res. Lett 22: 501-504.
  • Hofton, M.A, Rundle, J.B & Foulger, G.R (1995). Surface deformation due to dyke emplacement in an elastic-gravitational layer overlying a viscoelastic-gravitational half space. J. Geophys. Res 100: 6329-6338.
  • Foulger, G.R (1995). The Hengill triple junction, SW Iceland: Geothermal gradients and the depth of the base of the seismogenic layer. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res 65: 119-133.
  • Foulger, G.R, Miller, A.D, Julian, B.R & Evans, J.R (1995). Three-dimensional VP and VP/VS structures of the Hengill triple junction and geothermal area, Iceland and the repeatability of tomographic inversions. Geophys. Res. Lett 22: 1309-1312.
  • Jahn, C-H, Seeber, G, Foulger, G.R & Einarsson, P (1994). GPS epoch measurements spanning the mid-Atlantic plate boundary in northern Iceland 1987-1990. 109-123.
  • Foulger, G.R, Hofton, M.A, Julian, B.R, Jahn, C.-H & Seeber, G (1994). Regional post-dyking deformation in N.E. Iceland: A third epoch of GPS measurements in 1992. J. Geod. Soc (Japan Spec. Issue): 99-105.
  • Julian, B.R & Foulger, G.R (1994). The 1992 Basin & Range Province GPS survey: 1. Point descriptions. pp79.
  • Foulger, G.R (1994). The 1992 Basin & Range Province GPS survey: 2. The field survey. pp21.
  • Foulger, G.R (1994). The 1992 Basin & Range Province GPS survey: 3. Data processing and results. pp39.
  • Arnott, S.K & Foulger, G.R (1994). The Krafla spreading segment, Iceland 2. The accretionary stress cycle and non-shear earthquake focal mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res 99: 23826-23842.
  • Arnott, S.K & Foulger, G.R (1994). The Krafla spreading segment, Iceland: 1. Three dimensional crustal structure and the spatial and temporal distribution of local earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res 99: 23801-23826.
  • Foulger, G.R. & Arnott, S.K (1993). Local Tomography: volcanoes and the accretionary plate boundary in Iceland. 644-675.
  • Foulger, G.R & Julian, B.R (1993). Non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur volcanic complex, Iceland: Are they Artifacts of Crustal Heterogeneity? Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer 83: 38-52.
  • Julian, B.R, Miller, A.D & Foulger, G.R (1993). Non-shear focal mechanisms of earthquakes at The Geysers, CA., and Hengill, Iceland, geothermal areas. Trans. Geotherm. Res. Council 17: 123-128.
  • Heki, K, Foulger, G.R, Julian, B.R & Jahn, C.-H (1993). Plate kinematics near divergent boundaries: Geophysical implications of post-tectonic crustal deformation in NE Iceland detected using the Global Positioning System. J. Geophys. Res 98: 14279-14297.
  • Foulger, G.R, Beutler, G, Bilham, R, Einarsson, P, Fankhauser, S, Gurtner, W, Hugentobler, U, Morgan, W.J, Rothacher, M, Thorbergsson, G & Wild, U (1993). The Iceland 1986 GPS geodetic survey: Tectonic goals and data processing results. Bull. Geodetica 67: 148-172.
  • Julian, B.R, Prisk, A, Foulger, G.R & Evans, J.R (1993). Three-dimensional images of geothermal systems: Local earthquake P-wave velocity tomography at the Hengill and Krafla geothermal areas, Iceland, and The Geysers, CA. Trans. Geotherm. Res. Council 17: 113-121.
  • Foulger, G.R & Long, R.E (1992). Non-double couple earthquake focal mechanisms and the accretionary tectonic cycle. 223-234.
  • Foulger, G.R, Jahn, C.-H, Seeber, G, Einarsson, P, Julian, B.R & Heki, K (1992). Post rifting stress relaxation at the accretionary plate boundary in Iceland, measured using the Global Positioning System. Nature 358: 488-490.
  • Cameron, B.R, Cranmer, F.S & Foulger, G.R (1992). Shallow structures beneath Heimaey and Surtsey from local gravity data. 79-92.
  • Salk, M, Foulger, G.R, Ergün, M & Cifci, G (1990). A GPS geodetic survey of southwest Turkey. Jeofizik 4: 49-52.
  • Foulger, G.R, Long, R.E, Einarsson, P & Bjornsson, A. (1989). Implosive earthquakes at the active accretionary plate boundary in northern Iceland. Nature 337: 640-642.
  • Toomey, D.R & Foulger, G.R (1989). Application of tomographic inversion to local earthquake data from the Hengill-Grensdalur central volcano complex, Iceland. J. Geophys. Res 94: 17497-17510.
  • Foulger, G.R & Toomey, D.R (1989). Structure and evolution of the Hengill-Grensdalur central volcano complex, Iceland: Geology geophysics and seismic tomography. J. Geophys. Res 94: 17511-17522.
  • Foulger, G.R (1988). The Hengill triple junction, SW Iceland: 1. Tectonic structure and the spatial and temporal distribution of local earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res 93: 13493-13506.
  • Foulger, G.R (1988). The Hengill triple junction, SW Iceland: 2. Anomalous earthquake focal mechanisms and implications for process within the geothermal reservoir and at accretionary plate boundaries. J. Geophys. Res 93: 13507-13523.
  • Foulger, G.R, Bilham, R, Morgan, W.J & Einarsson, P (1987). The Iceland GPS geodetic field campaign l986. EOS, Trans Amer. Geophys. Union 68: 1809-1818.
  • Foulger, G.R & Long, R.E (1984). Anomalous focal mechanism solutions: evidence for tensile crack formation on an accreting plate boundary. Nature 310: 43-45.
  • Foulger, G.R (1984). The Hengill geothermal area: Seismological studies 1978-1984. pp196.
  • Foulger, G.R (1982). Geothermal exploration and reservoir monitoring using earthquakes and the passive seismic method. Geothermics 11: 259-268.
  • Einarsson, P, Bjornsson, S, Foulger, G.R, Stefansson, R & Skaftadottir, T (1981). Seismicity pattern in the South Iceland seismic zone, Earthquake prediction - An International Review. 141-151.
  • Foulger, G.R & Einarsson, P (1980). Recent earthquakes in the Hengill-Hellisheidi area in S.W. Iceland. J. Geophysics 47: 171-175.