Staff Profile

Prof. Karl S. Coleman

(email at k.s.coleman@durham.ac.uk)

Research Interests

The group’s research interests are in the field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the science of creating structures or materials on a nanometre (one millionth of a millimetre) scale. Interestingly, the fundamental physical and chemical properties of materials are altered as they are decreased to the nanometre scale. Therefore, nanostructured materials offer great potential in the development of new electronic devices, bio-sensors and high strength composites. Our work in this area involves, amongst others, the synthesis and chemistry of graphene and carbon nanotubes as well as nanolithography (the patterning of surfaces).

Synthetic procedures within the group often involve sensitive materials which are handled using inert atmosphere glove-box or Schlenk line techniques. As well as making use of the more routine analytical techniques to characterise the materials, such as NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the group makes extensive use of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An outline of some of our interests are given below.

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted interest and excitement across a broad spectrum of sciences from engineering, materials, chemistry, biology to medicine. Single-walled carbon nanotubes can simply be thought of as a rolled up single sheet of graphite joined at the edges. They are immensely strong with a strength similar to that of steel and can be metallic or semi-conducting depending on their structure. Such impressive mechanical and electronic properties have opened the way for the development of new technologies. However, many possible applications of nanotubes, from use as components in electronics to chemical and biological sensors, can only be realized through chemical control.

We are currently investigating methods of chemically functionalising the carbon nanotubes to:

• improve dispersion in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents.
• control their electronic properties for nanoelectronics.
• enhance their interaction with a range of polymer matrices to form new generation nanocomposites.
• improve and tailor the bio- compatibility of the nanotube surface to selectively adsorb biological materials for nanoscale biosensors.
• translocate into cells for imaging and drug delivery.

Graphene

Graphene is single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a continuous honeycomb network and is the latest addition to the nanocarbon family. This 2D nanostructure, best visualised as single layer of graphite, shares the exciting properties of other carbon nanomaterials. Like carbon nanotubes, which can be considered to be a rolled up sheet of graphene, the material has exceptional electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. As a result various applications in materials science including polymer nanocomposites, energy storage materials, transparent thin film electrodes and nanoelectronic components have been envisaged. It has even been suggested that graphene could outperform carbon nanotubes in some of these applications.

One of the problems in graphene research is the availability of the material and the difficulties involved with its synthesis. These issues need to be solved if the applications listed above are to be made viable. Our interests lie in the synthesis of graphene using a variety of methodologies that are scalable and selective for the formation of graphene or few-layer graphene.

We have formed a University spinout company Durham Graphene Science Ltd (http://www.durhamgraphene.com) to commercialise some aspects of this work. 

Figure: Filtered high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of a graphene sheet produced in our laboratory. 

Nano- Patterned Functional Surfaces

In recent years the generation of nano-patterned surfaces has attracted considerable attention. The ability to selectively engineer chemical composition and structure on such a small scale is of great potential application, particularly in the fields of nanoelectronics, biotechnology and sensing. Methods such as microcontact printing, mechanical spotting and nanoimprint lithography have proved useful in the development and fabrication of DNA, protein and glyco arrays. More recently, nanolithography methods, based on scanning probe technology [atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM)] have been developed, taking advantage of the nanometre sized dimensions of the probes and strong localised tip-surface interactions.

We are currently investigating methods to:

• generate chemically distinct and spatially controlled nanometre scale patterns in multi-layer films using nano-displacement methodology.
• use chemically modified AFM probes to induce spatially controlled surface reactions.
• use chemically distinct patterned regions to selectively adsorb or bind biomolecules.
• use patterned region as a template for directed nanoparticle assembly.

Nanodisplacement strategy to induce site specific changes in a multilayer film generating a hydrophobic pocket capable of selectively binding biomolecules.

Selected Publications

1. Directly observed covalent coupling of quantum dots to single-wall carbon nanotubes. B.R. Azamian, K. S. Coleman, J. J. Davis, N. Hanson, M. L. H. Green, Chemical Communications, 2002, 366-367.
2. Functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes via the bingel reaction. K. S. Coleman, S. R. Bailey, S. Fogden, M. L. H. Green, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003, 125, 8722-8723.
3. Chemical and bio-chemical sensing with modified single walled carbon nanotubes. J.J. Davis, K. S. Coleman, B. R. Azamian, C. B. Bagshaw, M. L. H. Green, Chemistry a European Journal, 2003, 9, 3732-3739.
4. Spatially resolved suzuki coupling reaction initiated and controlled using a catalytic AFM Probe. J. J. Davis, K. S. Coleman, K. L. Busuttil, C. B. Bagshaw. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005, 127, 13082-13083.
5. Iodination of single-walled carbon nanotubes. K. S. Coleman, A. K. Chakraborty, S. R. Bailey, J. Sloan, M. Alexander. Chemistry of Materials 2007, 19, 1076-1081.
6. A new route to the production and nanoscale patterning of highly smooth, ultrathin zirconium oxide films. S. M. D. Watson, K. S. Coleman, A. K. Chakraborty. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 643-650.
7. A facile, solvent-free, noncovalent, and nondisruptive route to functionalize single-wall carbon nanotubes using tertiary phosphines. A. Suri, A. K. Chakraborty, K. S. Coleman. Chemistry of Materials 2008, 20, 1705-1709.
8. Fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes following the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyridinium ylides. M. K. Bayazit, K. S. Coleman. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2009, 131, 10670-10676.
9. Pyridine-functionalized single-Walled carbon nanotubes as gelators for poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. M. K. Bayazit, L. S. Clarke, N. Clarke, K. S. Coleman, Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010, 132, 15814.
10. Simple and scalable route for the 'bottom-up' synthesis of few-layer graphene platelets and thin films. C. R. Herron, R. S. Edwards, K. S. Coleman, B. Mendis, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0JM03437A

Research Groups

Department of Chemistry

• Optical and Molecular Electronics

Research Interests

• Nanotechnology
• Carbon Nanotubes
• Graphene

Teaching Areas

• Functional Materials - Nanomaterials (6 hours/year.)
• Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms (8 hours/year.)
• Nanotechnology and Metals in Medicine (9 hours/year.)

Selected Publications

• R. Mahapatra, N. Poolamai, S. Chattopadhyay, N.G. Wright, A.K. Chakraborty, K.S. Coleman, P.G. Coleman & C.P. Burrows (2006). Characterization of thermally oxidized Ti/SiO2 gate dielectric stacks on 4H-SiC substrate. 88(7).
• E. Flahaut, J. Sloan, S. Friedrichs, A.I. Kirkland, K.S. Coleman, V.C. Williams, N. Hanson, J.L. Hutchison & M.L.H. Green (2006). Crystallization of 2H and 4H PbI2 in carbon nanotubes of varying diameters and morphologies. 18(8): 2059-2069.
• M. Palumbo, K.U. Lee, B.T. Ahn, A. Suri, K.S. Coleman, D. Zeze, D. Wood, C. Pearson & M.C. Petty (2006). Electrical investigations of layer-by-layer films of carbon nanotubes. 39(14): 3077-3085.
• J.J. Davis, C.B. Bagshaw, K.L. Busuttil, Y. Hanyu & K.S. Coleman (2006). Spatially controlled Suzuki and Heck catalytic molecular coupling. 128(43): 14135-14141.

Journal papers: academic

• Suri, A, Chakraborty, AK & Coleman, KS (2008). A facile, solvent-free, noncovalent, and nondisruptive route to functionalize single-wall carbon nanotubes using tertiary phosphines. Chemistry Of Materials 20(5): 1705-1709.
• Watson, SMD, Coleman, KS & Chakraborty, AK (2008). A new route to the production and nanoscale patterning of highly smooth, ultrathin zirconium oxide films. Acs Nano 2(4): 643-650.
• Mahapatra, R, Chakraborty, AK, Horsfall, AB, Wright, NG, Beamson, G & Coleman, KS (2008). Energy-band alignment of HfO2/SiO2/SiC gate dielectric stack. Applied Physics Letters 92(4): 042904.
• Mahapatra, R, Chakraborty, AK, Horsfall, AB, Chattopadhyay, S, Wright, NG & Coleman, KS (2007). Effects of interface engineering for HfO2 gate dielectric stack on 4H-SiC. Journal Of Applied Physics 102(2): 5.
• K. S. Coleman, A. K. Chakraborty, S. R. Bailey, J. Sloan & M. Alexander (2007). Iodination of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemistry of Materials 19(5): 1076-1081.
• Mahapatra, R, Chakraborty, AK, Poolamai, N, Horsfall, A, Chattopadhyay, S, Wright, NG, Coleman, KS, Coleman, PG & Burrows, CP (2007). Leakage current and charge trapping behavior in TiO2/SiO2 high-kappa gate dielectric stack on 4H-SIC substrate. Journal Of Vacuum Science & Technology B 25(1): 217-223.
• Das, K, Chakraborty, AK, NandaGoswami, ML, Shingha, RK, Dhar, A, Coleman, KS & Ray, SK (2007). Temperature dependent shape transformation of Ge nanostructures by the vapor-liquid-solid method. Journal Of Applied Physics 101(7): 4.
• S. Dastgir, K.S. Coleman, A.R. Cowley & M.L.H. Green (2006). A stable crystalline imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and its corresponding palladium(II) and rhodium(I) complexes. Organometallics 25(1): 300-306.
• Mahapatra, R, Poolamai, N, Chattopadhyay, S, Wright, NG, Chakraborty, AK, Coleman, KS, Coleman, PG & Burrows, CP (2006). Characterization of thermally oxidized Ti/SiO2 gate dielectric stacks on 4H-SiC substrate. Applied Physics Letters 88(7).
• Flahaut, E, Sloan, J, Friedrichs, S, Kirkland, AI, Coleman, KS, Williams, VC, Hanson, N, Hutchison, JL & Green, MLH (2006). Crystallization of 2H and 4H PbI2 in carbon nanotubes of varying diameters and morphologies. Chemistry Of Materials 18(8): 2059-2069.
• Palumbo, M, Lee, KU, Ahn, BT, Suri, A, Coleman, KS, Zeze, D, Wood, D, Pearson, C & Petty, MC (2006). Electrical investigations of layer-by-layer films of carbon nanotubes. Journal Of Physics D-Applied Physics 39(14): 3077-3085.
• K. S. Coleman, S Dastgir, G. Barnett, M. J. P. Alvite, A. R. Cowley & M. L. H. Green (2005). A nonenolizable imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and corresponding silver(I) metal complex. J. Org. Chem 690: 5591-5596.
• Pmfj Costa, K. S. Coleman & M. L. H. Green (2005). Influence of catalyst metal particles on the hydrogen sorption of single-walled carbon nanotube materials. Nanotechnology 16(4): 512-517.
• Pascu, SI, Coleman, KS, Cowley, AR, Green, MLH & Rees, NH (2005). New cationic palladium (II) and rhodium (I) complexes of [Ph2PCH2C(Ph)=N(2,6-Me2C6H3)]. Journal Of Organometallic Chemistry 690(6): 1645-1658.
• Pascu, SI, Coleman, KS, Cowley, AR, Green, MLH & Rees, NH (2005). New group 10 complexes of the bulky iminophosphine ligands[Ph2PCH2C(Ph)=N(2,6-R2C6H3)], where R = Me, Pr-i. New Journal Of Chemistry 29(2): 385-397.
• J. J. Davis, K. S. Coleman, K. L. Busuttil & C. B. Bagshaw (2005). Spatially resolved Suzuki coupling reaction initiated and controlled using a catalytic AFM probe. Journal of the American Chemical Society 127(38): 13082-13083.
• K. S. Coleman, S. Turberville, S. I. Pascu & M. L. H. Green (2005). Synthesis of a new bidentate ferrocenyl N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursor and the palladium (II) complex trans- PdCl2(C over cap fc over cap C) where (C over cap fc over cap C)=1,1 '-di-tert-butyl-3,3 ' (1,1 '-dimethyleneferrocenyl)-diimidazol-2-y. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 690(3): 653-658.
• Coleman, KS, Turberville, S, Pascu, SI & Green, MLH (2005). Synthesis of a new bidentate ferrocenyl N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursor and the palladium (II) complex trans-[PdCl2(C-fc-C)], where (C-fc-C)=1,1 '-di-tert-butyl-3,3' (1,1 '-dimethyleneferrocenyl)-diimidazol-2-ylid. Journal Of Organometallic Chemistry 690(3): 653-658.
• Coleman, KS, Turberville, S, Pascu, SI & Green, MLH (2004). Silicon containing ferrocenyl phosphane ligands. Journal Of Organometallic Chemistry 689(4): 770-774.
• K. S. Coleman, S. Turberville, S. I. Pascu & M. L. H. Green (2004). Synthesis of a new zwitterionic cyclopentadienyl-imidazolium compound and isolation of the 3,3 '-(trans-3,5-cyclopentenyl)-di(1-tert-butylimidazolium)bromide intermediate. Tetrahedron Letters 45(47): 8695-8698.
• Coleman, KS, Turberville, S, Pascu, SI & Green, MLH (2004). Synthesis of a new zwitterionic cyclopentadienyl-imidazolium compound and isolation of the 3,3'-(trans-3,5-cyclopentenyl)-di(1-tert-butylimidazolium)bromide intermediate. Tetrahedron Letters 45(47): 8695-8698.
• J. J. Davis, K. S. Coleman, B. R. Azamian, C. B. Bagshaw & M. L. H. Green (2003). Chemical and biochemical sensing with modified single walled carbon nanotubes. Chem. Eur. J 9: 3732-3739.
• K. S. Coleman, S. R. Bailey, S. Fogden & M. L. H. Green (2003). Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes via the Bingel reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125(29): 8722-8723.
• Brown, G, Bailey, SR, Novotny, M, Carter, R, Flahaut, E, Coleman, KS, Hutchison, JL, Green, MLH & Sloan, J (2003). High yield incorporation and washing properties of halides incorporated into single walled carbon nanotubes. Applied Physics A-materials Science & Processing 76(4): 457-462.
• K. S. Coleman, H. T. Chamberlayne, S. Turberville, M. L. H. Green & A. R. Cowley (2003). Silver(I) complex of a new imino-N-heterocyclic carbene and ligand transfer to palladium(II) and rhodium(I). Dalton Transactions 2917-2922.
• Azamian, BR, Davis, JJ, Coleman, KS, Bagshaw, CB & Green, MLH (2002). Bioelectrochemical single-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal Of The American Chemical Society 124(43): 12664-12665.
• Azamian, BR, Coleman, KS, Davis, JJ, Hanson, N & Green, MLH (2002). Directly observed covalent coupling of quantum dots to single-wall carbon nanotubes. Chemical Communications (4): 366-367.
• Xu, CG, Flahaut, E, Bailey, SR, Brown, G, Sloan, J, Coleman, KS, Williams, VC & Green, MLH (2002). Purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes grown by a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. Chemical Research In Chinese Universities 18(2): 130-132.
• Xiao, TC, Wang, HT, Da, JW, Coleman, KS & Green, MLH (2002). Study of the preparation and catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide catalysts prepared with C2H2/H-2 carburizing mixture. Journal Of Catalysis 211(1): 183-191.
• Coleman, KS, Sloan, J, Hanson, NA, Brown, G, Clancy, GP, Terrones, M, Terrones, H & Green, MLH (2002). The formation of ReS₂ inorganic fullerene-like structures containing Re₄ parallelogram units and metal-metal bonds. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124(39): 11580-11581.
• Ji, SF, Xiao, TC, Li, SB, Xu, CZ, Hou, RL, Coleman, KS & Green, MLH (2002). The relationship between the structure and the performance of Na-W-Mn/SiO2 catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane. Applied Catalysis A-general 225(1-2): 271-284.
• Coleman, KS, Fawcett, J, Holloway, JH, Hope, EG & Nassar, R (2001). A new synthetic route to [MF(mu-F)(CO)(3)](4) (M = Ru, Os) and their reactivity with P(C6H4-4-X)(3) (X = OCH3, OH) and P(C6H4-2-OH)(3) -Crystal structure of [OS(CO)(3){kappa(3)-(2-OC6H4)(2)P(C6H4-2-OH)}]center dot C3H6O. Journal Of Fluorine Chemistry 112(2): 185-189.
• Ji, SF, Xiao, TC, Wang, HT, Flahaut, E, Coleman, KS & Green, MLH (2001). Catalytic combustion of methane over cobalt-magnesium oxide solid solution catalysts. Catalysis Letters 75(1-2): 65-71.
• Xiao, T, York, APE, Coleman, KS, Claridge, JB, Sloan, J, Charnock, J & Green, MLH (2001). Effect of carburising agent on the structure of molybdenum carbides. Journal Of Materials Chemistry 11(12): 3094-3098.
• Brown, G, Bailey, SR, Sloan, J, Xu, CG, Friedrichs, S, Flahaut, E, Coleman, KS, Hutchison, JL, Dunin-Borkowski, RE & Green, MLH (2001). Electron beam induced in situ clusterisation of 1D ZrCl4 chains within single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Communications (9): 845-846.
• Xiao, TC, Ji, SF, Wang, HT, Coleman, KS & Green, MLH (2001). Methane combustion over supported cobalt catalysts. Journal Of Molecular Catalysis A-chemical 175(1-2): 111-123.
• Coleman, KS, Green, MLH, Pascu, SI, Rees, NH, Cowley, AR & Rees, LH (2001). Palladium(II) complexes with the bidentate iminophosphine ligand[Ph2PCH2C(Ph)=N(2,6-Me2C6H3)]. Journal Of The Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions (22): 3384-3395.
• Xu, CG, Sloan, J, Brown, G, Bailey, S, Williams, VC, Friedrichs, S, Coleman, KS, Flahaut, E, Hutchison, JL, Dunin-Borkowski, RE & Green, MLH (2000). 1D lanthanide halide crystals inserted into single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Communications (24): 2427-2428.
• Coleman, KS, Bedel, LJL & Osborn, JA (2000). Catalytic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones using osmium-oxo complexes with sulfoxides or N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide asthe co-oxidant: a comparative study. Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Ii Fascicule C-chimie 3(10): 765-769.
• Bellemin-Laponnaz, S, Coleman, KS, Dierkes, P, Masson, JP & Osborn, JA (2000). Synthesis and coordination of the new chiral tridentate O,N,O ligand2,6-[bis[(1S,2S,5R)-(-)-menthyl]pyridine to molybdenum(VI) andvanadium(V) oxo complexes: Crystal structures of [(2,6-bis{(-)-menthyl}pyridine)MoO2] and [(2,6-bis{(-)-menthyl}pyridine)VO](. European Journal Of Inorganic Chemistry (7): 1645-1649.
• Sloan, J, Dunin-Borkowski, RE, Hutchison, JL, Coleman, KS, Williams, VC, Claridge, JB, York, APE, Xu, CG, Bailey, SR, Brown, G, Friedrichs, S & Green, MLH (2000). The size distribution, imaging and obstructing properties of C-60 and higher fullerenes formed within arc-grown single walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Physics Letters 316(3-4): 191-198.
• Sloan, J, Novotny, MC, Bailey, SR, Brown, G, Xu, C, Williams, VC, Friedrichs, S, Flahaut, E, Callender, RL, York, APE, Coleman, KS, Green, MLH, Dunin-Borkowski, RE & Hutchison, JL (2000). Two layer 4 4 co-ordinated KI crystals grown within single walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Physics Letters 329(1-2): 61-65.
• Sloan, J, Wright, DM, Woo, HG, Bailey, S, Brown, G, York, APE, Coleman, KS, Hutchison, JL & Green, MLH (1999). Capillarity and silver nanowire formation observed in single walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Communications (8): 699-700.
• Coleman, KS, Coppe, M, Thomas, C & Osborn, JA (1999). Catalytic oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones by anosmium-copper bifunctional system using molecular oxygen. Tetrahedron Letters 40(19): 3723-3726.
• Bellemin-Laponnaz, S, Coleman, KS & Osborn, JA (1999). Co-ordination of the chiral N,O-ligand 2-[(1S, 2S,5R)(-)-menthol]pyridine to molybdenum(VI) and vanadium(IV) oxocomplexes - Crystal structures of [MoO2{2-(-)-menthol-pyridine}(2)] and [VO{2-(-)menthol-pyridine}(2)]. Polyhedron 18(19): 2533-2536.
• Clark, HCS, Coleman, KS, Fawcett, J, Holloway, JH, Hope, EG, Redding, J & Russell, DR (1999). Synthesis and characterisation of [OC-6-33][OsCl2(CO)(2)L-2](L=phosphine). Crystal structure of [OC-6-33][OsCl2(CO)(2)(PEt3)(2)]. Polyhedron 18(8-9): 1207-1210.
• Clark, HCS, Coleman, KS, Fawcett, J, Holloway, JH, Hope, EG, Langer, J & Smith, IM (1998). Reactions of iridium and rhodium hydrides with anhydrous HF; crystal structure of [Rh(CO)(PPh3)(3)][BF4].thf. Journal Of Fluorine Chemistry 91(2): 207-211.
• Coleman, KS, Lorber, CY & Osborn, JA (1998). Selective catalytic oxidation of alcohols by a ruthenium-copper bifunctional system using molecular oxygen. European Journal Of Inorganic Chemistry (11): 1673-1675.
• Coleman, KS, Fawcett, J, Holloway, JH, Hope, E & Russell, DR (1997). Air-stable ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) fluoride complexes. Crystal structures of [OC-6-13][MF2(CO)(2)(PR3)(2)] [M = Ru, PR3 = PEtPh2; M =Os, PR3 = PPh3 or P(C6H11)(3)]. Journal Of The Chemical Society-dalton Transactions (19): 3557-3562.
• Coleman, KS, Holloway, JH, Hope, EG & Langer, J (1997). Reaction of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) hydrides with anhydrous HF. Journal Of The Chemical Society-dalton Transactions (23): 4555-4559.
• Coleman, KS, Holloway, JH & Hope, EG (1997). Synthesis and characterisation of ruthenium carbonyl fluorides. Journal Of The Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions (10): 1713-1717.
• Atherton, MJ, Coleman, KS, Fawcett, J, Holloway, JH, Hope, EG, Karacar, A, Peck, LA & Saunders, GC (1995). Pentafluorophenylphosphine complexes of Rhodium(I): Extended x-rayabsorption fine structure studies of[{Rh[PPh(x)(C6F5)(3-x)](2)(mu-Cl)}(n)] (x=0-2) and[{Rh[(C6F5)(2)PCH2CH2P(C6F5)(2)](mu-Cl)}(2)]. Crystal structures of[RhCl(PPh(3){(C6F5)(2)PCH2CH2P(C6F5. Journal Of The Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions (24): 4029-4037.
• Brewer, SA, Coleman, KS, Fawcett, J, Holloway, JH, Hope, EG, Russell, DR & Watson, PG (1995). Ruthenium and osmium acyl fluoride complexes - Crystal structure of [OC-6-13][RUF2(CO)(2)(PPh(3)].CD2Cl(2). Journal Of The Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions (7): 1073-1076.
• Coleman, KS, Holloway, JH, Hope, EG, Russell, DR & Saunders, GC (1995). Tris(2,6-Difluorophenyl)phosphite complexes of platinum group metals -Structure of trans-PtCl2(PEt(3)(P(O-2,6-C6H3F2)(3). Polyhedron 14(15-16): 2107-2113.

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Media Contacts

Available for media contact about:

• Structure, Property and Function: Carbon Nanotubes, Nanosciences and Nanotechnology

Supervises

• Dr AK Chakraborty
• Mrs M Filby
• Mr Richard Stone